Advantages And Disadvantages Of Encryption Security Types Computer Science Essay

Favorable circumstances And Disadvantages Of Encryption Security Types Computer Science Essay An Egyption recorder utilized non-standard symbolic representations in an engraving around 1900 BC. Case of composed cryptography is the principal recorded that rundowns by Kahn. A bit of level stone cut into an arrangement of pictures and some composition to recognize themselves in exchanging dealings 1500 BC old fashioned Assyrian vendors utilized in intaglio. The computerized signature created by this system. This mark has a place with the merchant, however they just have that intaglio to deliver the mark. The turned around letters in order basic substitution figure known as ATBASH is utilized by Hebrew copyists recording the book of Jeremiah in 500-600 BC. Few Hebrew figures of the time are one in particular that is ATBASH. Skytale a gadget utilized called by Greek which is a staff around that a long, dainty portion of calfskin was wrapped and composed on. The calfskin was taken off and worn as a belt. No doubt a coordinating staff and the encoding staff would be ventured out fro m home by the beneficiary. In the field of 100-44 BC in government interchanges utilized a straightforward replacement with the typical letters in order by Julius Caesar. This produce just in a little sum, however it isn't more grounded like ATBASH.When this read by barely any individuals it was sufficient. Julius Caesar didnt trust the errand people however confided in his partners. Motivated the arrangement of a cryptogram in Greek for the Byzantine head by A.D Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Khalil ibn Ahmad ibn Amar ibn Tammam al Farahidi al-Zadi al Yahmadi composed a book on cryptography in 725-790. Plaintext at the back rubs start depended on the outcome. It was a standard cryptanalytic strategy utilized still in WW-II contrary to Enigma messages. Kahn has discovered the primary model of the terminology. A gathering substitution letter set and little code aggregated by Clement VII at the intrigue in 1379 Gabrieli di Lavinde. For the following 450 years this class of code was to remain in like manner use in representatives and a few regular people. There were more grounded figures being nonexistent then notwithstanding reality, presumably as a result of its relative practicality. The manipulative a figure circle to make things simpler the procedure, its pretend and accessible the first polyalphabetic figure at 1466 Leon Battista Alberti. Until the 1800s, this kind of figure was really not working. What's more his own creation, Alberti composed expansively on the position the workmanship in figures. He additionally utilized the circle for enciphered code. These frameworks were a lot more grounded than the terminology. The main book composed on cryptology at 1518 Johannes Trithemius. Each letter was spoken to as a word taken from a progression of sections that pretend a steganographic figure. The now-standard type of rectangular replacement tables is portrayed as polyalphabetic figures. The idea of changing letters in order with one another presented by Johannes Trithemius. The key for a tedious polyalphabetic figure is presented at 1553 Giovan Batista Belaso the assessment of utilizing a passphrase. Presenting the digraphic figure composed a content on figures at 1563 Giovanni Battista Porta. Transposition, replacement and image replacement are named figures. To confound the cryptanalyst he utilizes the discretionary of equivalent words and incorrect spellings. The main bona fide plaintext and figure text auto key frameworks along with composed a book on figures at 1585 Blaise de Vigenere. A biliteral figure referred to today as 5-piece twofold encoding at 1623 Sir Francis Bacon depicted a figure which presently bears his name. Dr.Robert Patterson pretend his wheel figure maybe supported at 1790 Thomas Jefferson. The dad of US cryptanalysis was in work as a regular citizen cryptanalyst at Riverbank Laboratories and performed cryptanalysis for the US Government is be respected at 1917 William Frederick Friedman. The Enigma machine was dominated and better upon than become the cryptographic workhorse of Nazi Germany at 1933-1945. Yet, the Enigma machine was not gainful achievement. U.S. Information Encryption Standard favored with changes by the US NSA dependent on the Lucifer figure an arrangement at 1976 by IBM. New Directions in Cryptography, presenting the recommendation of open key cryptography in print by Whitfield Diffie on 1976. The Diffie-Hellman was animated on 1977, paper and going about as complete beginners in cryptography, Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. To make a valuable open key framework had been examining by Adleman. The full logical report to anybody presenting a self-tended to, stepped envelope offer was remembered for the Scientific American article. An application for a New Block Encryption Standard an arranged International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) was distributed on 1990 by Xuejia Lai and James Massey in Switzerland. The admonition by the FBI to expect access to the away from of the connections of residents. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) was the unlimited first depiction on 1991 by Phil Zimmermann. The prior RC2 and RC4 calculations remembered for RSADSIs BSAFE cryptographic library the creator was Professor Ron Rivest on 1994. The client can fluctuate the square size, number of rounds and key length, if the calculation utilizes information subordinate turn as its non-direct activity and defined. Prologue to Encryption Systems Encryption is a procedure to scramble the messages that can be decipherable by the individual who realizes how to unscramble the messages. This technique has been utilized for more than 2,000 years. The encryption is alludes to the interpretation of an information into a mystery code by utilizing the calculations. In the study of cryptography the procedure that included is encryption. The messages must be safely sent. These messages could be numeric information, text or mystery codes. For instance, Missile Launch Codes. This encryption frameworks giving protection to the approved people groups interchanges. The beneficiary must have a key to unscramble the message to come back to its unique plain content structure. The key that utilization to unscramble the message is trigger instrument to the calculation. These days, encryption frameworks is the appearance of the web and open utilized it once in a while. In addition, these frameworks turned out to be to a great extent military instrument. There are utilized this frameworks in many field. For example, banking, web based showcasing, medicinal services and different administrations. Indeed, even the normal householder knows about the encryption. At the point when a location starting with https that shows that internet browsers is scramble text consequently when associated with a safe server. At the point when associated with a protected site, even the programs naturally scramble the data yet huge numbers of them despite everything pick the utilization of the encryption to do their email. The component modules or interfaces for the famous email customers will be handily practiced with the assistance of encryption program. The most well known and longstanding is called PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), a name for exceptionally solid military-grad e encryption program. It will be permitted to for the messages, yet in addition may utilized for the individual documents and organizers too. At the point when the data goes between the PCs, block attempt of the transmission that can't be clear since it was in mixed up jabber. Indeed, even there are numerous sorts of encryption yet not a wide range of encryption are dependable. Other than that, there are same PC that yields solid encryption that can be utilized to break powerless encryption plans. Prior years, they utilized 64-piece encryption and they trained that was very solid however it was break by the 128-piece encryption. This is the standard encryption and this won't change later on. It was undoubtful.The information makes private by the solid encryption. Be that as it may, it isn't mandatory will be secure. In the event that the pre-owned information needs to be secure, the beneficiary must be decidedly recognized just like the affirmed party. The computerized marks or authentications are typically cultivated on the web. Sorts of Encryption The encryption comprises of 5 sorts of encryption frameworks. There are manual encryption, straightforward encryption, symmetric encryption, unbalanced encryption and email encryption. Right off the bat, manual encryption. This sort of encryption includes the utilization of the encryption programming. This encryption encodes the PC programs in different bits of data carefully. Clients investment should totally include in this encryption. On the off chance that the needs to encode the document, the client need to pick the sort of encryption from a rundown that gave by the security framework. This may use in the PCs. For the explanation that is the client simple to encode the individual records in a manner they like, and furthermore it will be ensuring the individual material on a PC. Besides is the straightforward encryption. This encryption can be downloaded onto a PC to encode everything naturally. This is the most secured type, since it doesnt forget about anything. The PC has an e ncode copy in each executable machine and organizer that framed suffer authority floods and protects data in packaging a PC is taken. Moreover symmetric encryption additionally characterized as one of the sort of encryption. By utilizing this sort of encryption can without much of a stretch scramble data by own self. For a model, a letter or number concurs with another letter or number in the encryption code. The code can make without anyone else. For example, a=1, b=2, etc. Other than that, uneven encryption is a sheltered and simple way that can be utilized to scramble information that will get. This sort will do by electronically. The open key can be seeing by whoever need or post some place. Others can encode the data and send it back. There is additionally another key even the open key interpret that is private key. This key has just a single individual have. This implies the information will scramble by open key yet it tends to be perused uniquely by the whomever has the private key. Ultimately the email encryption is regularly same as hilter kilter encryption strategy. This technique is the messages that in inbox can't be perused by others particularly by the programmers. There are 2 sorts of email encryption. The outcome I

Abandoned †Creative Writing Free Essays

Private Michael Thompson was at the front, holding his ambush rifle which he had prepared with so a lot, trusting it would help him against what they were battling. They were brought in for revolt control, yet they before long acknowledged it was no normal mob. These folks took twenty slugs, and continued coming. We will compose a custom exposition test on Relinquished †Creative Writing or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Different officers who were assaulted were going along with them. The main alternative left was to hold them in the town, until a strategic atomic strike could be readied. The blockades were before him and he glanced around anxiously, remembering the essences of the other forty officers around him, They were apprehensive too. Every one of them. They had recently accompanied one survivor to a clearing vehicle. He was the main survivor that had paid attention to their calls. He was shouting, â€Å"They’re coming! They’re coming!- Just explode the city. You can’t stop them!† That hadn’t helped anyone’s nerves. They had been provided requests to shoot to slaughter on any objective they esteemed risky. He could hear the breeze blowing, and a few flying creatures singing behind him. To top it all off, he could hear the mob, the rearranging of thousands of feet, the shouts that sounded brutal More like moans. Out of nowhere there was quiet. All the fighters strained. They prepared their rifles as one. They had a man set up with poisonous gas to break the group. Everybody raised their rifles. Their leader, started yelping out requests. He heard, and moved to his appointed spot. The rearranging began once more, snappier than previously, and they all realized the mob was going towards them. They paused, tuning in. The group showed up about 33% of a mile not far off. The Sergeant promptly requested the rifle man to start shooting. They contended about starting to shoot at regular people, however not for long. They began terminating into the group. The ones they hit didn’t go down. They simply continued coming, similarly as detailed in the preparation. The sergeant began yelling,†Hit them in the head, you idiots, the head!† The sharpshooters balanced their points, and began dropping individuals in the group. They never shouted, they didn’t even wince. They simply continued rearranging towards the blockade, quietly. Everybody was a little apprehensive when the things went in close vicinity to simple terminating range. They opened up in little blasts, cutting down a significant number of the individuals. There were such a large number of them. The things were beating on the steel blockade, and coming to through the spaces. Michael simply continued shooting like he was requested to. One to one side, one to one side, he didn’t acknowledge he was crying with dread, until the sergeant pulled him away as the blockade toppled. They started running. The sergeant was shouting for everybody to conform to him, yet nobody tuned in. They were shrewd, they continued running. Twenty men had kicked the bucket at the blockade, and nobody else needed to go along with them. Michael finished the Sergeant a few back streets, and out into a vacant road. The sergeant pulled out his convenient radio, and began radioing for reinforcement, substantial reinforcement. The main reaction he got was the one that fixed their fate,†Red Wings, you’re all alone on this mission.† Michael glanced around at the abnormal personifications of mankind shutting in from the two sides of the road, and he started running as well. The Sergeant shouted his last shout as he was pulled down and Michael approached, yet he split away from the horrifying group, running like he never realized he could. He ran, they were still right behind him, not similar ones, unique ones. There were such a large number of them. He dodged down a back street to race to the following road, yet it was an impasse. No place else to run! He covered up in a canister and it was one moment before he heard them encompassing it. They beat on it with such fierceness he dreaded they’d break in, however they didn’t. He sat in the receptacle and cried, knowing he’d never leave this spot. Sally, his significant other could never at any point learn he was dead. The things had penetrated the outskirts of the city and were spilling out toward each path now. He recalled that regular citizen. He saw now and he wanted to god they would nuke the town and encompassing zones. The lives yielded would be little contrasted with what number of would be lost on the off chance that they didn’t The receptacle was sliding, yet he knew they’d never flip it. He had a lot of slugs left, so he murmured his keep going moan, got on the dumpster and started terminating on them, tears obfuscating his vision. He cut down more than some other warrior had and when his ammo ran out in his attack rifle, he drew his gun. He discharged 13 shots with it, murdering twelve zombies. It was the end for him and he knew it. He stopped in the road, contemplating sally and how he could never observe her again. He didn't shout in torment as the peculiar things assaulted him, he was a genuine solider to his final gasp. Step by step instructions to refer to Abandoned †Creative Writing, Papers

2013 Tournament of Books Discussion BILLY LYNNs LONG HALF-TIME WALK by Ben Fountain

2013 Tournament of Books Discussion BILLY LYNNs LONG HALF-TIME WALK by Ben Fountain We here at Book Riot are huge  Tournament of Books fans, so this year were going to discuss each of the finalists in the weeks before the Tournament gets underway, in alphabetical order. You can find the  schedule of our discussions here. Read along with us!   Today, Kit Steinkellner and Nicole Perrin discuss Billy Lynns Long Halftime Walk by Ben Fountain. ____________________________ When I first started reading Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk, I couldn’t figure out where I had heard the author Ben Fountain’s name before. A quick Google search later and I had it. Fountain was the hero of the opening anecdote of Malcolm Gladwell’s 2008 New Yorker essay “Late Bloomers.” In the piece, Gladwell details Fountain’s story, an associate at a real estate practice who quit his job to spend the bulk of the next 18 years sitting at his kitchen table working on short stories that would eventually form his sensationally-reviewed 2006 collection of short stories Brief Encounters With Che Guevara. Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk , a novel detailing one day in the life of Specialist Billy Lynn on the last day of a media-intensive tour with his universally-acknowledged to be national heroes Bravo Squad, was published this spring to over-the-moon reviews. It ended up being a National Book Award Finalist. On my blog Books are my Boyfriends, my summation of the book was “ if this novel isn’t shortlisted for a Pulitzer I will punch myself in the face and put it on YouTube.” I still stand behind that statement. If I’m going to be completely transparent, I think the novel has a better shot at winning the Pulitzer than it does at winning the Tournament of Books. If I were a competing book I would not want to tango with fan favorites Gone Girl and The Fault in Our Stars. Plus. Billy Lynn also has the handicap of having to play in against two other modern war novels, Fobbit (by Book Riot’s own David Abrams!) and Kevin Johnson’s The Yellow Birds. I’ve not read either, though both are on my TBR list. Below, fellow Rioter Nicole and I discuss. ____________________________ KS: So what do you think about Billy Lynn having to earn its place in the tournament by competing in a war-novel play-in? (We all know Jeff O’Neal is not a fan of the “war novel ghetto,”) and honestly, I think it seems like this was the play-in idea the gamemakers had one or two ideas before they were going to have the REALLY GOOD play-in idea. NP: I think it’s intriguing but ultimately unfair. The three war novels chosen, Billy Lynn, Fobbit, and The Yellow Birds, spent much of last year being compared to one another, which makes sense. I myself plan to do a series on my blog discussing the three of them, once I’ve read The Yellow Birds. One of the questions everyone has been asking and attempting to answer is how far down the road we are to creating a real “post-9/11 literature,” and a narrative of the post-9/11 wars. It makes sense to look at war novels as a group to answer that question, but limiting their presence in the wider culture of books to a single “war-novel slot” seems to do the opposite. Further, it divorces those wars from the rest of the culture, when part of the whole question these books ask is how they fit into the rest of the culture. So I think the comparison is a worthwhile exercise in its own right, but to shoehorn it into a larger tournament falls somewhere between “contrived” and “ discriminatory” for me. Since you’re a big fan of Billy Lynn but haven’t read either of the other books in the mini-category, what would you say is Billy Lynn’s biggest flaw, and what are your thoughts about how it contributes to a cultural narrative about the war? KS: Well I know it would be cheating to say I think the biggest flaw was that the book was “too short,” and I am no cheater! I think that the third-person voice of the novel is electric and shocking, no qualms there, but in the dialogue the soldiers voices tended to bleed together (I know there’s some authorial intent there, indicating the dominance of group-think, but still) and every once in awhile the skewering of Texans felt like cheap shots. As far as how it contributes to our cultural narrative of war, I deeply appreciate that this is a war novel that takes place at home. The most hilarious and horrifying insights in the novel come from how Billy and his squad are received during their heroes’ tour, by everyone from family members to Hollywood execs to Dallas Cowboys cheerleaders. Reactions vary, but there is an unnerving undercurrent running through all their encounters with civilians: no one REALLY knows how to deal with these boys. Home no longer feels like home. Bravo Squad is the only place where these young men feel safe. And Bravo Squad is going back to Iraq at the end of the novel. The questions this novel raises regarding where young military people belong once they’ve experienced the arena of war, are so weighty and complicated and so worthy of fiction. What about you, Nicole? Biggest strength of the novel and biggest flaw? How do YOU feel it contributes to the war narrative? And if you were a gambling man, what kind of odds would you place on Billy Lynn in the Tournament? NP: Your last question is the hardest one, since we don’t yet know how the pre-game aspect of the tournament will really work. I think it has a solid shot of making it into the main round, but I think the field of war novels is going to be close. My bet is that Billy Lynn will win because it is, as you point out, a war novel that takes place at home. I think the novel’s biggest strength is in its absurdity and overall gonzo-ness. The Bravos don’t just star in any halftime show, they star in a Dallas Cowboys halftime show. And not just any Cowboys game, but the Thanksgiving Day game. Billy doesn’t find just any girl to connect and make out with, but a Cowboys cheerleader. And of course, they’re not just any group of soldiers, but one with a serious possibility of having a movie made about them. And that deal hangs precariously not just for all the usual reasons a movie deal might, but also because they’re about to get sent back into a war zone where they might die before they can sign on the dotted line. But that “no one REALLY knows how to deal with these boys” was a major weakness for me. Billy certainly feels that way, and he rejects the poor attempts at a connection with him from everyone he meets. But Billy, of course, isn’t writing the novel; Ben Fountain is. I read this as a civilian basically saying that no civilian can ever hope to have a connection with the soldiers they employbut a civilian puts himself in a soldier’s shoes to make that point. I think that many Americans do feel that way. Many people are certainly aware of the small segment of the population that makes up the military, and feel culturally divorced from that side of the country. “We,” in some sense, seem to be afraid that we can’t understand these men and women, no matter how hard we try, and Billy Lynn confirms and reaffirms the separateness of civilian from soldier. I wasn’t completely satisfied with how Billy resolved this for himself at the end of the novel, so it remains a weak point fo r me. What do you think about Billy’s voice? Do you think it comes across as unrealistically introspective and articulate (he is a young guy, after all), or did you buy that these were his thoughts, and not those of a novelist writing about a young soldier? KS: What I liked so much about Billy’s voice was that he was clearly an unusually perceptive young man, but didn’t have the liberal-arts-graduate-speak to communicate his ideas, so the result ended up feeling like a fractured self-awareness (as opposed to a witty, bantery, and ultimately irritating self-awareness.) I really like him as a character who feels like he could be book smart if only someone was making him do his required reading, I thought that was an original, honest, and ultimately heartbreaking choice. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Top 14 Best Sharpe Novels by Bernard Cornwell

Contemporary Literature And The Postmodern Condition

Miriam Marty Clark gives many â€Å"strategies† for identifying a piece of contemporary literature in her article â€Å"Contemporary Short Fiction and the Postmodern Condition†. One of these strategies is the lack of epiphanies in a short story. Clark says, â€Å"The end of epiphany and the exhaustion of familiar reading strategies and genre definitions call for new ways of reading and for redefinition of both the narrative and the cultural logic of short fiction† (147-148). Raymond Carver’s short story â€Å"Gazebo† implements this contemporary strategy by removing any epiphanies from the work. From the beginning, â€Å"Gazebo† throws the reading right into the middle of a troubled situation. The first line sets up a specific image, â€Å"That morning she pours†¦show more content†¦There is no further epiphany within the story after Holly breaks down from the news. Duane does not have a grand revelation of his wrong doings to his wife and that he must stop in order to keep her. â€Å"I’d open my eyes and look at the ceiling [...] wondering at what was happening to us. But maybe I should be looking at the floor† (33). Though Duane attempts through his words and actions to save them, for her sake, â€Å"I get down on my knees and I start to beg† (35), his mind tells another story, â€Å"But I’m thinking of Juanita† (35). His grand epiphany about their relationship and his true desires also occurred pre-writing, leaving only a story that Clark describes as â€Å"[...] not [containing] durable or ultimate knowledge, but narr ativity itself† (157). Carver has started the story right in the thick of Holly and Duane’s relationship problems and in doing so, has â€Å"[surrendered] [...] the [reader’s] expectation of epiphany† (147) and has left the reader to only wait for the outcome. Clark goes on to mention Raymond Carver specifically when talking about another key strategy in determining a contemporary work, â€Å"Carver’s characters negotiate the wreckage of social discourse, of community and institution† (150). While locked away together discussing their relationship’s fate, Duane remembers back when the â€Å"community† between them was still tenable, â€Å"Holly took care of the books. [†¦] I saw to the grounds

Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34 Free Essays

This is a soliloquy, designed to reveal Brutus’ thinking and feelings, and also to give the audience a chance to judge his motives. By delaying the action of the play, it increases suspense as the audience enter the mind of a killer and his plotting. Throughout his speech, rhythm, rhyme, repetition and imagery are used to reveal Brutus’ need to justify himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The whole speech is in iambic pentameter. Iambs occur when, of two syllables, only the second is stressed. Here, â€Å"death† is most stressed, followed by â€Å"must†. Must† and â€Å"death† contain hard-hitting consonants (â€Å"t† and â€Å"d†) and the combination, along with â€Å"must†, sounds threatening, intent and violent. This rhythmic effect in the first clause sounds determined and final – so why does Brutus run on? The colon before â€Å"and, for my part† suggests that he feels he needs an explanation for this decision, one that he can justify in â€Å"general† terms (meaning for the general good of the people), if not on a â€Å"personal† level, why he is, quite definitely, going to kill Caesar. The iambic rhythm set up so far is interrupted by lines 2 and 3, with â€Å"personal† and â€Å"general† going from one stressed followed by two unstressed, creating a trickling sound, and supporting a very thoughtful tone. One can feel that Brutus is just trying to persuade himself that killing Caesar will look like the right thing to do, once he can find a story to justify it. It’s not a vicious tone of a murderer – and that makes it all the more chilling, as we feel that Caesar’s life is being weighed in this man’s hands. The repeated last syllable is situated in the same place in both lines, creating rhyme. At first, it seems that Brutus values the â€Å"personal† friendship with, and knowledge of, Caesar above the â€Å"general† – but as he continues, the echo of these two rhyming words is in conflict. The bulk of this speech is spent talking in general terms, never really directing his speech at Caesar at all except to talk of his being crowned and killing him. This explaining of Caesar’s life would create sympathy for him in the audience, and without this justification Brutus would be simply a base murderer. The poetry of line 5 is typical of Brutus. He mixes beauty with an argument for murder – and for a short time, the extraordinary truth about adders in the summer, hidden dangers becoming clear when the grass is mown and the sun is high, might make the audience believe that Caesar is like an adder. This is the longest line so far, free of pauses, reasoning and worry. But the poetry whips up Brutus’ own fears. The words â€Å"bright† and â€Å"brings† and the interruption of the iambic skip, with â€Å"bright day† and â€Å"bring forth† both being stressed, creates the effect almost of a drum-roll, erasing any doubt in Brutus’ mind that the adder, in the shape of an Imperial Caesar, is not far away. Through lines 6 – 12 Brutus is again trying to justify killing Caesar. He dehumanises Caesar firstly as an â€Å"adder† and then later as a â€Å"serpents egg† which isn’t so different from the disjoining of remorse from power that Brutus suspects Caesar to be potentially capable of. Although Brutus is trying to persuade himself that this is a political assassination for the good of Rome and the Republic, it’s easy to notice Brutus is slightly jealous that his old friend, once an equal, is now a god among men. Therefore this is an insight into the possibility that the murder was also personal. These lines are also a period where he is deciding whether or not to kill Caesar. In line 6 he says â€Å"Crown him! – that! † hitting an emotional peak after which he calms himself down speaking in a much lower, less erratic tone. The word â€Å"But† on line 12 is a major turning point in the text. This is where the whole of Brutus’s argument lies on common belief not proof. Once again to persuade himself killing Caesar is the right thing to do, he uses a weak argument that says Caesar is using people to get to the top of the political ladder and when he reaches the top will turn his back on everyone who helped him get there. The weakness of this argument is that there are no signs of him ever being evil to his friends before. Brutus describes it as a general model of the â€Å"common proof† that all men grow greedy with power, which if true would justify killing Caesar while he was in his â€Å"shell† before he could â€Å"hatch† Throughout the soliloquy Brutus appears to be contradicting himself and making remarks that he isn’t entirely confident about. To me this shows that Brutus had quite a weak personality and was probably a man under great pressure. How to cite Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34, Essays

Organizational Learning and Strategy Differences

Introduction The purpose of this study is to critically analyze organizational learning and strategy differences in the Chinese Based firms in Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Organizational Learning and Strategy Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Review of literature Many writers have provided information focusing on the Asian Policy Makers. Focus is given to the new strategic developmental strategies resulting from the economic Downturn that was been prevalent in the Asian countries for the last three decades. Economic success of the Chinese based Firms is used as a Benchmark of these developmental strategies due to their Economic success despite economic downturn in the region. Unlike their regional competitors such as Japan and South Korea, with big Firms operating on a large scale, the Chinese firms have resilience (Dierkes et al, 2003, p 716). There is a new focus shift from the Large Firms to small and medium sized ones on Market. Characteristics of Chinese Based Firms At present, the firms are mainly found in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In the first place, these firms are small and medium in sizes. (Yeung, et al, 2011, p. 34.). Additionally, they are viewed as late comers to technology, thus they lack access to modern and advanced technology of large Western based firms. The firms have a high tendency of integration into global and local production networks. Learning strategies and processes Despite the economic down turn in the region, the firms remained a success. They have become a central focus due to their, economic progress. Chinese Firms uses adoptive and imitational forms of knowledge transfer (Yu, 2007, p.18). Imitations resulted to drastic growth, instead of using an innovative process despising the western concept of product life cycle. This is coupled with creation of learning in networks Learning in networks The firms are incorporated into regional as well as the global corporations networks based in the western enterprises of Japan Europe and the USA. The Chinese based firms have a characteristic of incorporating other highly developed western based firms in their technology and management systems unlike Japanese and other western based enterprises whose allied enterprises are centrally attached only to their mother companies/firms. Interfirm cooperation thus takes their center in learning.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interfirm cooperation The firms in this region of the world being late comers to the technological world of production strive to make their products better through knowledge accumulation and internalization leading to knowledge of producing goods already on market (Dierkes et al. 2003, p.721). There exist also strategic alliances. Strategic alliances Fo rming strategic alliances is also another learning strategy employed by Chinese firms as their Learning process. They target brand name leaders of through formation of joint ventures with these innovative Firms. Their governments also give them some support. Government support It is also characteristic of the Governments in these regions to provide and create favorable organizational learning conditions through provision of basic human resource training, provision and spreading required production and marketing knowledge and giving subsides to research and development targeting majorly, strategic industries and Firms for knowledge transfer. Despite this, these firms still face some barriers to organizational learning Barriers to organizational learning These firms have are vulnerable to under financing due to lack of technological underdevelopment thus they are exposed market fluctuations as compared to large enterprises found in Japan and South Korea. On the overseas perspective, C hinese firms In Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore lack access to advanced technology used by large western enterprises, as well as large advanced markets of enjoyed by the western based models of organizational learning. The conclusion is therefore made at last as: Conclusion Chinese based firms are small and medium sized enterprises. Organizational learning characteristic to the through imitation of already existing technology in production and market conquest Reference list Dierkes, et al., 2003. Handbook of Organizational Learning Knowledge. NY: Oxford Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Organizational Learning and Strategy Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Yeung, et al., 2011. The Globalization of Chinese Companies: Strategies for Conquering International Markets. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Yu, F.T., 2007. Taiwan’s economic transformation in evolutionary perspective:Â   Entrepreneurship, innovation systems and government. NY: Nova Publishers. This critical writing on Organizational Learning and Strategy Differences was written and submitted by user Jaylyn B. to help you with your own studies. 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Billy Graham Essays - Billy Graham, Free Essays, Term Papers

Billy Graham Essays - Billy Graham, Free Essays, Term Papers Billy Graham This is the Hour of Decision with Billy Graham, coming to you from Minneapolis Minnesota Billy Graham, has preached to more than 210 million people through a live audience, more than anyone else in history. Not only that, but Mr. Graham has reached millions more through live televison, video and film. This has led Billy to be on the Ten Most Admired Men in the World from the Gallup Poll since 1955 a total of thirty-nine times. This includes thirty-two consecutive more than any other individual in the world, placing him as the most popular American for about forty years. This essay is going to talk about Graham's personal life, and what kind of family he grew up in and im also going to talk in detail about how he became an evangelist, because I feel it is very important yet interesting. His accomplishments in the fifties are uncomparable, so I will be including a considerable amount of information concerning that topic. Finally I will be talking about his personal achievements, books written, and how he has been a companion to some of the American Presidents. William Franklin Graham Jr. was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 17, 1918. Graham was raised on a dairy farm by William Franklin (deceased 1962) and Morrow Coffey Graham (deceased 1981). In 1943 he married his wife Ruth McCue Bell, and had four children Virginia 1945, Anne Morrow 1948, Ruth Bell 1950, William Franklin, Jr. 1952, and Nelson Edman 1958. At age eighty, he keeps fit by swimming, playing with is nineteen grand children, and from aerobic walking, in the mountains of North Carolina, where he currently lives. (Billy Graham Best Sellers, 1999) Billy Graham told Time Magazine in one article about his life before becoming a preacher. I lived on a farm. The only difference was I had to get up early in the morning and go milk cows. When I came back from school that day, I had to milk those same cows. There were about twenty cows I had to milk. By hand. That was before they had those machines. I loved being a farmer. But God called me to this work that I'm in now. I knew it was God calling. I said, Yes. I will follow what God wants me to do. And so I went to two or three schools to get education. Then I became a pastor of a church. Then I went into evangelism. (Graham, 1999) Graham got his first lesson of the worlds way of the mysterious God, while he was a teen working on his father's farm. Graham's father who was a working man had a calling to go out and to become a preacher, but because of the farm, he never got the chance to do so. Instead he tried to live his own passion through his son, Billy Graham. He was raised by two strict Calvinist parents, who showed him that hard work and honesty was the way all people should live in Gods World. Although Graham rejected these views by his parents, he was still influenced spiritually from his upbringing. At age seventeen, Graham was in the position just like many other seventeen years old's he knew. Graham was popular in high school with the girls, played sports such as basketball and baseball, but was lost on what his future would have in store for him. During this time an evangelist named Mordecai Ham came to Charlotte, to have a three-month revival. He never took too much to the idea, because he did not want to be stuck in a long and boring job that would make him sorry he was ever born. When all of Graham's options for summer nights ran out, he decided to go to the revival, and to see what it was all about. All the time keeping in the back of his mind how he grew up in such a religious family, and how his father always wanted him to take up preaching. One night Ham was speaking out against sinners, and Graham felt that he was talking directly to him, although he was considered a good kid. So to escape the direct gaze of Ham, he joined the revival

3 Types of Misplaced Modifiers

3 Types of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Types of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Types of Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol Poor placement within sentences of words that provide details can hamper comprehension. Take care to avoid the various types of pitfalls demonstrated in the following examples, which are followed by discussion and a revision. 1. The company has been an extremely integral partner for our organization over the past years, both from delivery and leadership perspectives. Because the conjunction both precedes the preposition from, the construction assumes that a complementary preposition will precede â€Å"leadership perspectives† in order to fully parallel the phrase â€Å"from delivery,† but placing from before both allows it to serve as the preposition for delivery and â€Å"leadership perspectives† alike: â€Å"The company has been an extremely integral partner for our organization over the past years, from both delivery and leadership perspectives.† 2. The photographs evoke a time when samurai swordsmen and silk traders found refuge from a bloody uprising against Japan’s shogun in California’s Gold Country. This sentence erroneously suggests that the bloody uprising occurred in California’s Gold Country. Relocating the geographical information so that it immediately follows the key word refuge resolves the issue: â€Å"The photographs evoke a time when samurai swordsmen and silk traders found refuge in California’s Gold Country from a bloody uprising against Japan’s shogun.† 3. From time immemorial, writers have drawn on these syndromes to tell stories, from Lewis Carroll to Philip K. Dick. In this case, an adjectival clause, a parenthetical phrase that provides more information about a noun, has been relegated to the end of the sentence, appearing to nonsensically modify stories, instead of being immediately adjacent to the pertinent noun (here, writers): â€Å"From time immemorial, writers from Lewis Carroll to Philip K. Dick have drawn on these syndromes to tell stories.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientDeck the Halls150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

Discuss and Evaluate how Teams Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discuss and Evaluate how Teams Function - Essay Example They get in touch with each other, interact and basically learn the different nuances of the goal under consideration. When these teams look up to leadership, they seek help and advice from the people who are in the top management brackets. This suggests for their eventual success within the related settings and an understanding that leadership shall be the cornerstone of their attainment of tasks in the times to come. This paper helps establish the basis of teams and how these function to manifest the truest basis of leadership. The team formation domains merit quite a great amount of significance because these take into consideration the important facets of productivity and effectiveness for the organization and the people who form a vital part of the team itself. Teams function with a sense of hard work by its team mates who believe in doing their best and letting the concerned authorities to judge the final goal. It means that the processes are done the fine way and the results a re left up to the authorities who have to bring about a decision at the end of the day. The teams are therefore always answerable to people with whom they have to interact and thus culminate the processes in entirety. This marks their significance and the eventual success which is achieved over a period of time (Sims, 2002). ... Teams that bring the best use of their resources are usually the ones which are deemed as the most successful ones. However, if the teams do not manifest a good enough use of the resources, then there are dire problems that are waiting to happen for them under differential situations and circumstances (Cooper, 1999). From an organizational behavior perspective, teams have to function smoothly well to achieve success. This would mean that the organizational behavior regimes have to incorporate their due role within the functioning of the teams. This will tell the team members where they are going wrong and what new steps need to be taken on their part to bring sanity within their regimes. The corrective steps are also taken in a proactive fashion so that the team functioning does not get hindered and there is more productivity within the related ranks so that growth and development is ensured across the ranks (Bonner, 1959). The nature of teams are such that they undertake all process es together and thus commit to unite for the cause of bringing in sanity within the related ranks. It makes the entire exercise a possibility because together they achieve quite a few tasks with a sense of understanding and tolerance that comes to their folds (Robbins, 2009). However, what poses as a problem here is that they have to undergo serious lapses within some of the team members are not there or when they are not ready to undertake tasks and actions that are in line with the completion set of the same works. There are tantrums thrown by the team members in the wake of completing the task while at times there are also witnessed certain health related conditions. The bottom line is that the teams comprise of all sets of

Microbial physiology and culture (Practical 1 Antibiotics and Agar Coursework

Microbial physiology and culture (Practical 1 Antibiotics and Agar Diffusion) - Coursework Example On the other hand, experiment 2 attempts to investigate the repeatability of the essays using two different methods of antibiotic application to the discs. Lastly, experiment 3 uses gradient plates to qualitatively compare the response of new isolates to a particular antibiotic against a response of a standard strain. Practical 1: Antibiotics and Agar Diffusion Introduction Agar plate diffusion is currently one of the widely used experimental methods to determine the susceptibility of various microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. Generally the principle employed in this method is dependent on the inhibition of the microorganism reproduction on the surface of agar medium by an antimicrobial agent which gradually diffuses into the medium through a filter paper disc. In this regard, the level of susceptibility of the organisms is indicated by the size of the zone of inhibition. Typically when an antibiotic is applied to the agar medium, it moves from its region of high concentration t o the surrounding areas of lower antimicrobial concentration (Cooper, 1993, p.24). Inhibition zone is the clear area of the agar plate where the growth of the microorganisms is prevented by the activities of the microbial agent. The size of inhibition is usually measured and then compared to the standardized measurements in order to determine the level of antibiotic activity on the particular medium. This is primarily because the diameter of the inhibition zone is always a function of the susceptibility of the microorganism and the amount of antibiotics on the medium. Generally there are a number of factors that may affect the antimicrobial activity and consequently determine the size of inhibition zones. Some of the likely factors include agar depth, size of the inoculums and the presence of cations on the medium. The objective of this experiment is to investigate the factors that are responsible for the variation of microbial activity of various antimicrobial drugs on different or ganisms. Methods To investigate the effects of variables such as agar depth, presences of salt and inoculums size on the size of inhibition zones, lawn and seeding methods were used to inoculate the plates. In determining the effect of agar depth on the result of agar plate diffusion, four plates containing 10 cm3, 20 cm3, 20 cm3 and 30 cm3 agar were first swabbed with Eschericia coli 10418 (1:20 dilution). All plates were oriented horizontally except for the third one, which was slanted. Meanwhile, 2 plates each containing 20 cm3 DSTA were inoculated with 100 Â µl of either 1:20 E.coli dilution or undiluted broth culture. 4 discs each containing 20 Â µl 0.5 mg/ml ampicillin were placed in each of the plates. Finally the plates were then incubated overnight at 37Â °C and the variations in the inhibition zone size were recorded. To determine the effect of inoculum size on the antibiotic activity, 0.5mg/ml ampillicin solution and the E.coli dilution were used.2 plates with 20 cm3 D STA were poured into the solution. The first inoculate was then spread uniformly on the entire surface of the plate. On the second plate was also inoculated with a containing broth culture of E.coli was also inoculated. Finally 4 amplicin impregnated papers were placed on each plate before they were incubated. To investigate the effects of potassium or calcium ions on zone sizes, 0.1 or 1.0 ml of 2M KCl or CaCl2

Implementation Of Marketing Strategies In Marvel Inc

Implementation Of Marketing Strategies In Marvel Inc Ronald Perelman an investor brought Marvel and caused a decline in late 1990s when Marvel filed for bankruptcy. This caused chaos in the company and battles were common among the various parties. But like Marvels characters a savior called Toy Biz, Inc came to the rescue and on October 1, 1998 they acquired Marvel Entertainment Group and named it Marvel Enterprises, Inc. After this change the company started to perform and the future was looking better. At present it is owned by The Walt Disney Company and known as Marvel Entertainment, LLC. Marvel provides its services through the means of comics, T.V., movies, toys, video games, etc. and has created a universe of great characters for the audiences. Marvels Characters Profile Marvel has 8000 various characters in all and each of these characters has helped to create Marvel Entertainment, LLC, therefore in this section some of the valuable characters of the company will be identified and what they brought to Marvel. The most famous characters in the Marvel Universe are Spiderman, Wolverine, The Hulk, Captain America the Punisher; these are considered to be among the top 10 comic characters ever (Albert, 2010). Five of Marvels characters are among the top 10 and in terms of market share for the year 2010 Marvel has acquired 45.52% of unit share and 40.66% for dollar share (Doran, 2010), which makes them number one in the world. In addition T.V. and movies have also helped in the popularity of the characters, as due to the release of Spider-Man Trilogy, X-Men Trilogy, Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, X-Men Origin: Wolverine, etc. in the movie section and The Avengers: Earths Mightiest Heroes, Iron Man Armored Adventure, Wolverine and the X-Men, The Spectacular Spider-Man, etc. have been ruling the T.V. (Marvel Characters, Inc., 2010). Among the five top Marvel characters Spider-Man is considered to be the most popular as the story line has been innovating through the years. The popularity of this character is so huge that every kid and adult appreciates this character and this craze has grown with the release of several comics, T.V. shows, action figures, movies, video games, etc. The story of Spider-Man begins by Peter Parker being bit by a spider that ends up causing a mutation in him, which giving him extra-ordinary powers like climbing walls, shooting webs and a spider sense. The actual cause for this characters popularity was the character Peter Parker (Spider Man) who has issues like every other teenage boy and is also in love with one of the lead characters Mary Jane Watson and together it created not just a superhero story but also a love story that helped to attract teenagers. As for the other characters they also have similar story lines e.g. The Hulk and Captain also got their powers due to mutation, where as Wolverine is a Mutant himself and The Punisher takes revenge for the loss of his loved ones. In terms of villains that Marvel has created characters like Magneto, Doctor Doom, Galactus, Loki, Dark Phoenix and Kingpin, which are also among the top 10 comic book villains. As can be seen in the above table Marvel holds the market in this aspect as well and these characters have also played a major role in the popularity of the comics as people love to see their heroes defeating the most powerful villains. Marvel has always tried to give exactly what their market demands, whether it is their heroes, villains or story line and this has given them great success. Market Segmentation and Distribution Plans Comics Books The most famous characters have been the Spider-Man, X-Men and Fantastic Four and have also provided huge revenues. The major segments could be identified as male teenagers and young adults. These comic books were distributed using three ways which were direct market, mass market and subscription sales basis. The direct market distributers consisted of comic book specialty stores who had a large carrying capacity that could take as many products as Marvel liked; this was also lions share to the net revenue. The mass market consisted of bookstores and newsstands and these were distributed in huge stores like Wal-Mart and Target but offered a limited selection of comics. The subscription sales basis was a concept where the target market could directly purchase comics from Marvel for a subscription fee which tends to be on monthly or yearly basis. In 2003 Marvel sold almost 3.6 million copies and this were divided among the kids teens market and young adult market. The figure below wil l identify the market share of the market segments on the comic books in terms of percentage which is 56% for Young Adults and 44% for Kids and Teens. Figure : Comics Market Segment sales for 2003 Toys Manufacturing Toys are not the major revenue provider for Marvel but play a critical role towards loyalty as the major market for these products are kids from the age of four to twelve and collectors who increase the market value of the products especially action figures. Marvel sold the entire characters toy manufacturing license to TBW a Hong Kong based independent company for a royalty fee of 15% but this was with the exception of Spider-Man who rights belonged to Sony. The marketing and even the sales of these toys were done by Marvel themselves. With exception of some few selected figures that were sold through specialty stores and comic-book stores the figures were sold using the means of retailers, mass merchandisers, mall-order companies and variety stores. In terms of market segmentation kids accounted for 80% and the other 20% were collectors and this will be shown using a pie chart. Figure : Toys Market Segment in terms of Market Share Licensing Motion Pictures Marvel licensed all of their major characters to Movie Companies some of them being Spider-Man to Sony, X-Men to 20th Century Fox, The Hulk to Universal, The Punisher to Lions Gate, etc. and with exception of The Punisher all the other major characters were box office hits. The Movie that has made the most gross revenue was Spider-Man whose production cost was $139M where as the gross revenue was $404M in US and $822M worldwide. In relation to the rights the various studio determine the release timing and strategy but Marvel retained the merchandising rights and never contributed to the movie production marketing expenses. The revenue sharing consisted of 7% to 16% on gross revenue and 50% on the operating profit minus production costs, costs of prints, advertising expenditures, and distribution fees. In terms of market segmentation all of the motion pictures are R or PG-13 rated and this meant that the major segment consisted of Adults above the age of 18, as for the other segments they would teens between the age of 13 and 17. Other Media These are mainly DVD, video games, and also licensing to theme parks, shopping malls and special events. In relation to DVD a certain number of characters appeared in Lions Gate animated DVD and as for video games licensing Marvel have several licensing contracts with various game creators like Activision, Encore, Universal Games, THQ, and Electronic Arts (EA). In terms of market segmentation these were similar to motion pictures and were mainly teenagers and adults. Strategy and Recommendation In this section specific strategy with some recommendations will be mentioned which would help Marvel Enterprises, Inc. to grow and improve their present strategies. Comic-Book Publications At present Marvel is ranked as the best comic book publisher with market share above 40% and some of their recent growth has been due to the Avengers, Siege, Secret Avengers, and Uncanny X-Men and most of their new releases sold for $3.99 which is $1 more than their usual prices which means that even though prices increased the readers were willing to pay for them. In the above table it can be noticed that DC has many more comics in the list than Marvel but in actual The Avenger made huge sales which contributed to the increase in market share of the company. Marvel underperformed with the sales of graphic novels trade paperbacks as DC was able to achieve three of the top five spots (Doran, 2010). This clearly means that Marvel need to reconsider their strategy and they should consider bringing back Wolverine, Spider Man, The Hulk, etc. and even though Deadpool and Iron Man have been in the top ten they still are not one of the major sales characters for Marvel (Doran, 2010). Marvel at present is trying to bring some of the older and non famous characters in to the picture but the issue is that these characters have never been able to attract the market in the past so even considering bringing them would be to some extent risky but instead Marvel could consider making special appearances from some of the more famous characters like Spider Man, Wolverine, The Hulk, etc. and this intern would give the newer character some much needed support to become famous. Toy Production Toys play an important role in creating customer loyalty as kids and adults alike can read or watch their favorite characters and as long as there is nothing new but when it comes to toys and action figures there will always be a continues demand for it, thus it is important to focus more on trying to bring new toys to the market. The most sold toy for Marvel in a decade has been The Hulk Hands which sold 4 million units in 2003 but the thing to notice is that after the release of The Hulk Hands no other toy as mad an impact on the sales, thus Marvel might consider creating newer toys that could be in the same standard as The Hulk Hands. Another strategic issue is their toy makers as at present Marvel produces all their toys from one Toy Company and this is also the reason why there is no new creative ideas coming forth as after some period of time every company exhausts their creativity and resources, consequently the right decision for Marvel would be to change their producers or m ay be even have more than one producers for various characters and this will force competitions between the producers to make newer and better products one of the products that could work is making trading cards like Baseball, WWE, Yu Gi Oh, etc., this is an easy method to keep the children and youngsters interested in the characters. In addition to that the company could also hire an external company to keep a track of the quality and durability of the products this will help to keep the company on their toes thus driving them to success. Motion Pictures Marvel has sold rights of Spider Man, Iron Man, The Hulk, X-Men, etc. to various studios and there are many more characters that have been expected to make the re-entry in the movie industry like Thor, Captain America, Ghost Rider, Deadpool, Magneto, etc. but the issue here is that due to whatever reasons the movies are releasing at an extremely slow pace which to some extent is causing a fall in the market share and according to speculations the major reasons for releasing some of these characters is to make the movie The Avengers which includes some of the most famous characters of Marvel but the issue would be that it would take at least three years for the release as there are at least 3 more characters that have to be released. So a valuable recommendation would be to try to force the studios to release these movies at a quicker pace or to give the rights of the other remaining characters to the other studios as most of these characters could be released at the same time period. Other Recommendation Marvel has to first embrace that DC comics may not be performing well at present but their misfortunes could change quickly thus Marvel needs to understand that DCs major hope in terms of movies, comics and T.V. are Superman and Batman. Batman has recently gained a large market due to the release of The Dark Knight which has shifted the movie market in their favor and this is mainly due to their villain The Joker played by Heath Ledger. On the bright side Marvel has also released several movies that have created interest in the market but to tackle this problem Marvel will need to try and release the Avengers which seems to be the only story in their arsenal that could shift the whole market and at the same time release toys and video games which will help the market growth. Another recommendation would be to take more interest in the companies that are producing their characters whether through toys or movies as any mistake from the companies could truly damage their characters imag e and having control on what goes on in the movie and the toy company would be one of the better options for them and this could easily be done by sending one of their creative personals to be involved in the products.

Culture adaptation and survival Essay

With communication and transportation more readily available than before, the interpenetration of cultural facets between groups have become easier if not more frequent. However, this flow of data cannot be solely attributed to the presence of devices that allow information dissemination; people take an active part whether consciously or not, in spreading and reforming cultures by their global movements and actions. This paper will look into this event, focusing on how adopting cultural features from other groups can resemble biological adaptation in that they both can lead to higher survival rates in a given environment. Historical and relevant situations gathered from related literature will be used to develop and provide grounds for this statement. Jia, Lu and Heisey posit that â€Å"globalization is not only penetrating the economic sphere but also threatening the cultural boundaries of many nations†¦ † (Jia, Lu & Heisey, 2002, p. 155). A part of the globalization trend is the influx of different peoples to different countries. Due to exposure to new environments and possibly new cultural practices, the sense of stability of the migrating peoples is compromised. According to Kim, in order to once more achieve internal equilibrium and reduce the stress the situation has affected upon them, â€Å"a person adapts by altering his or her internal conditions† (as cited in Liu, 2001, p. 14). During the nineteenth century, strong sentiments of Anglo-conformity pervaded the Americas as new immigrants came in droves. There was a strong notion that the formation of the American peoples and identity had ended and there was doubt whether the newcomers can be assimilated (Dicker, 2003, p. 44). The assumption that the immigrants had a strong desire for assimilation was not completely true. Though they did have a strong desire to acquire English and several traits of mainstream America, this is mostly to open paths to reach their goals and not for total incorporation (Dicker, p. 39). This partial cultural assimilation can be likened to temporary biological adaptations such as acclimatization; here the body’s biological functions work hard to tolerate the current environmental condition. This process is not immediate, requiring time for the body to adjust itself to the climate; such as for a climber to survive high altitude conditions, it is recommended for them to climb slowly, resting a few times (Backer, et al. , 2005, p. 223). These adaptations may be partial and temporary but they allow people moving in that environment to function and achieve their goals. Environments, whether social or natural, hold a certain amount of resources and if these are limited the existing groups compete to gain access to these. In the case of the Spanish settlers in the Americas, a tri-racial society- the Spaniards, the natives and those that were borne out of relations between the two- was created and â€Å"access to power and prestige depended on a person’s degree of acculturation† (Dicker, 2003, p. 48). According to Daniels: â€Å"An individual who spoke Spanish, wore European clothes, and ate European style food was considered, if not Spanish, not any longer Indian† (as cited in Dicker, p. 48). People had to adhere to the standards that the Spanish had set in order to gain access to resources and survive, for those that are no longer Indian were set to help manage the state (Daniels as cited in Dicker, p. 48). Grasping the basic ideas of survival of the fittest, those that are able to adjust to some current norms of the society are able to survive, have access to resources and thus achieve more reproductive success than those ostracized, cut off and with limited offspring. Kim’s theory (as cited in Liu, 2001, p. 14) assumes that â€Å"stress and growth are inseparable and that both are necessary for successful adaptation†. A culture or a species must be able to grow and adapt to surrounding cultural facets to lessen the stress that is affecting them. According to Cohen (1974, p. 3) â€Å"A population’s adaptation is its relationship to its habitat†. The population adapts when it changes key factors in itself so that the environment can be a more fitting place for them to live, such as adapting the language of the place, the standards set by those that control the resources etc. Adopting cultural features from other groups allow the people to be integrated, whether partially or completely, into that community and lessen the stress that limit them from surviving. Biological evolution is similar to this as success in here is measured by how a population manages to reproduce generations and provide for them. Backer, H. D. , Bowman, W. D. , Paton, B. C. , Steele, P. Thygerson, A. L. & Gulli, B. (2005). Wilderness first aid: emergency care for remote locations (2nd ed. ). Massachusetts, USA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Cohen, Y. A. (1974). Man in adaptation: the cultural present (2nd ed. ). Chicago, USA: Aldine Transaction. Dicker, S. J. (2003) Languages in America: a pluralist view (2nd ed. ). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Jia, W. Lu, X. & Heisey, D. R. (2002). Chinese communication theory and research: reflections, new frontiers, and new directions. Connecticut. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 Liu, J. (2001). Asian students’ classroom communication patterns in U. S. universities: an emic perspective. Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Robotic Surgery Content And The Media - 1223 Words

Robotic Surgery Content and the Media Introduction The controversy on the mind of the hero’s or celebrities of robotic surgery, are within the medical professional community. The surgeons, universities and hospitals are that discussing. as well as attempts to prove, with no avail, that the addition of a robot to minimally-invasive surgeries (minimally-invasive surgery is surgical techniques limit the size of incisions needed and thus lessens wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection), has improved their performance and results in the operating room. Though the medical community has become accustomed to this technology being included in the options a patient can select when a surgical procedure is necessary, most†¦show more content†¦The information provided by these medical professionals via the internet, hospitals information, video for patient and other literature that prepares a patient for surgery are a reflection of the manufacturers’. Unproven assertions that their robotic surgery e quipment is superior to laparoscopy minimally-invasive surgeries without the use of a robot. Limited training, provided mostly by the manufacturers marketing representatives that work within the hospital or university environment. After more than twenty years of use of robotic surgical equipment in the medical communities, there little statistics that have been accumulated to improve the performance of these surgical robots. Surgeon proficiency using the robots within the limited space inside the patient, requires the use of CO2 to inflate the cavity to allow the surgeon to have enough room to see and work during most minimally-invasive surgeries. A gas, when heated, speeds up electron movement, thus increasing pressure exerted by the gas. Using the vessel sealers with three energy level settings, to cauterize, as well as cutting tool in the cavity filled with CO2, already can cause some pressure buildup adding heat high levels of heat in the patient that has resulted in burned ti ssue, and organs. To complicate matter more, one of the â€Å"vessel sealers† had to be recall in February 2015. The sealer does not seal well, which means the surgeon must seal the

How Research on Artificial Intelligence is Inspired from...

The human brain can certainly be considered to be one of the most impressive organs, especially taking into account that it has inspired many individuals who wanted to create artificial intelligence through the ages. By observing how the left and the right hemispheres of the brain function individuals have been enabled to associate concepts attributed to each hemisphere to particular functions. Information is presently stored in artificial systems similar to how it is stored in the brain as a result of the fact that experts have gained a better understanding of how the brain works. Information is coded, stored, and used in artificial intelligence machines through designing computational areas that behave similar to the two brain hemispheres. In spite of the fact that research has experienced much progress in the field of artificial intelligence inspired from brain functioning, experts continue to experience problems in trying to understand how certain areas of the brain work. People are typically accustomed to consider that the brain is a biological entity and that it would thus be absurd to create links between it and artificial intelligence. Computers can process information more effectively if they are provided with the ability to filter information similar to how each hemisphere deals with particular information. It is essential for these machines to be able to do so, considering that they otherwise have problems assigning tasks to certain areas. Researchers haveShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence During The World Today855 Words   |  4 Pages Artificial Intelligence in The World Today The 19th and 20th Centuries came in a wave of technological advances that have become intertwined in humanity. Smartphones are the most commonly used technology that contain artificial intelligence today. Artificial intelligence continues to advance and expand surpassing the aspiring ideas from the 1920’s. Artificial Intelligence has a strong impact on the future. 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If we, humans, are truly biological machines and we are at the same time conscious then I would agree that yes, categorically, a machine could be conscious. But is it really that simple? I contend that it is a more difficult problem but not that it is a complicatedRead MoreArtificial Intelligence and Its Characteristics3611 Words   |  15 Pages TERM PAPER â€Å"Artificial Intelligence† Submitted by: Resuello, John Paul C. BSCoE I-1 Submitted to: Atty. Georgina Peniaranda English Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction A. Definition of AI and related terms B. History II. AI Research A. Areas of research 1. Problem Solving 2. Natural Languages 3. Expert System 4. Robotics B. Problems encountered during research 1. Knowledge